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Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling systems of Australian south-eastern coast using 14-year MODIS data

Created 20/01/2026

Updated 20/01/2026

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Coast upwelling is important for marine ecosystems and economic, because of its elevated primary and secondary productivity and large fish catch. This study developed a scale-independent and semi-automatic image processing technique to map the upwelling areas along the 4500 km long south-eastern coast of Australia from 14-year monthly MODIS SST data. The results show that there is significant spatial variability in the mapped upwelling areas, month to month, season to season and year to year. There is also strong temporal (month to month, seasonal and inter-annual) variability of the upwelling characteristics in area of influence, SST anomaly, chlorophyll-a concentrations and upwelling speed. This study identifies two persistent upwelling systems, the NSW system along the coast of the New South Wales and the WVIC/SA system along the coast of western Victoria and adjacent South Australia. The NSW coastal upwelling system occurs more or less continuously from austral spring to autumn. The WVIC/SA coastal upwelling system is a seasonal upwelling system occurred in the austral summer. The NSW coastal upwelling system has a stronger upwelling intensity than the WVIC/SA system, in terms of area of influence, SST anomaly, chlorophyll-a concentrations and upwelling speed. We believe that the NSW coastal upwelling system, especially the northern and central parts, is mainly driven by the EAC and its eddies; while, the WVIC/SA coastal upwelling is a typical wind-driven system. In addition, the results indicate that the ENSO events are likely to have a moderate impact on both the NSW and the WVIC/SA coastal upwelling systems. The El Nino (La Nina) events tend to strength (weaken) upwelling intensity.

Citation: Zhi Huang, Xiao Hua Wang, Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling systems of the Australian south-eastern coast using 14-year of MODIS data, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 227, 2019, Pages 90-109, ISSN 0034-4257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.002

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Field Value
Title Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling systems of Australian south-eastern coast using 14-year MODIS data
Language English
Licence Not Specified
Landing Page https://data.gov.au/data/en/dataset/77fd52fb-66c9-44a7-8b92-f4473a9dd1cd
Contact Point
Geoscience Australia Data
clientservices@ga.gov.au
Reference Period 24/04/2018
Geospatial Coverage
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors
{
  "coordinates": [
    [
      [
        112.92,
        -54.75
      ],
      [
        159.11,
        -54.75
      ],
      [
        159.11,
        -9.2402
      ],
      [
        112.92,
        -9.2402
      ],
      [
        112.92,
        -54.75
      ]
    ]
  ],
  "type": "Polygon"
}
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Data Source

This dataset was originally found on data.gov.au "Mapping the spatial and temporal variability of the upwelling systems of Australian south-eastern coast using 14-year MODIS data". Please visit the source to access the original metadata of the dataset:
https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/mapping-the-spatial-and-temporal-variability-of-the-upwelling-systems-of-australian-south-easte4