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Water depth - a critical factor for exhalative ore deposits

Created 17/10/2025

Updated 17/10/2025

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If it can be ascertained from sedimentological, palaeontological and/or fluid inclusion evidence that sea water at the site of exhalation was shallow (<500 m) or deep (>1000 m), then predictions can be made on the style of mineralisation expected in the facies present. Shallow-water deposits most commonly contain stratiform Fe-Mn, Ba, Zn-Pb (usually pyritic) ore underlain by, or associated with, a footwall alteration zone of vein, disseminated, or stockwork ore (Cu ± Au, Sn, quartz, tourmaline, carbonate, fluorite). In deep-water settings, stratiform Fe-Mn-Ba, Cu-Zn-Pb (commonly pyrrhotite-bearing), Sn and W ore is not usually underlain by a footwall alteration pipe, and the stratiform ore contains quartz, tourmaline, carbonate or fluorite. In shallow-water deposits, boiling, fluid mixing, or other mechanisms could cause a temperature decrease and resultant mineral precipitation beneath the sea water/rock interface. In deep water, fluid mixing with resultant temperature decrease takes place primarily in sea water and not beneath the sea water/rock interface.

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Field Value
Title Water depth - a critical factor for exhalative ore deposits
Language eng
Licence Not Specified
Landing Page https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/51afdf12-5ec6-416c-8d6a-db2f9dfbc885
Contact Point
Geoscience Australia Data
clientservices@ga.gov.au
Reference Period 20/04/2018
Geospatial Coverage Australia
Data Portal Geoscience Australia

Data Source

This dataset was originally found on Geoscience Australia "Water depth - a critical factor for exhalative ore deposits". Please visit the source to access the original metadata of the dataset:
https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/csw/dataset/water-depth-a-critical-factor-for-exhalative-ore-deposits