A comparative study of the timing of breeding, breeding participation and reproductive success over a 20-year period of four tropical pelagic seabird species in relation to the regional oceanographic conditions affecting the Leeuwin Current was conducted. Three tern species, the Lesser Noddy Anous tenuirostris, Brown Noddy A. stolidus and Sooty Tern Onychoprion fuscata (formerly Sterna fuscata), and the Wedge-tailed Shearwater Ardenna pacifica (formerly Puffinus pacificus) comprised our study species at the Houtman Abrolhos, eastern Indian Ocean, between 1991 and the current day. The diet of these species was also investigated between 1991 and 2000.