2016 SoE Marine Chapter - State and Trends - Whales

The Marine chapter of the 2016 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment "The state and trends of quality of species and groups – whales". The full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided), is attached to this record. Where available, the Data Stream(s) used to generate this Expert Assessment are accessible through the "On-line Resources" section of this record.

DESCRIPTION OF TAXONOMIC GROUP FOR EXPERT ASSESSMENT A total of 24 species of whales (two of which comprise two subspecies) have been documented from Australian waters with a further one (Omura’s whale) likely to occur, but yet to be definitively confirmed. A number of these species (e.g. sperm whale) are distributed nationally, others are restricted to particular latitudes (e.g. Bryde’s whale) and others consist of populations that only seasonally utilise Australian waters (e.g. some of the baleen whale species). DATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT This assessment is based on peer-review papers and reports provided by a series of researchers working on whales in Australia. Details on the specific data products used in this assessment have not been provided.

2016 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details] • 2016 • Assessment grade: Good Assessment trend: Unclear Confidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus Confidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus Comparability: Grade and trend are somewhat comparable to the 2011 assessment • 2011 • Baleen whales Assessment grade: Poor Assessment trend: Stable Confidence grade & trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus • 2011 • Humpback whales Assessment grade: Good Assessment trend: Increasing Confidence grade & trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus • 2011 • Toothed whales Assessment grade: Poor Assessment trend: Stable Confidence grade & trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus

CHANGES SINCE 2011 SOE ASSESSMENT The 2011 assessment was split across three categories. Given the lack of data on status and trends for most species it was considered more appropriate to provide one assessment, highlighting the increasing trends for humpback and southern right whales. Anecdotal information suggests that populations of most whales are stable and so it was considered more appropriate to assign status as good. With very little information on most species abundances, limited evidence of any change in populations and no long-term monitoring of populations with which clear trends could be determined, trend was identified as ‘unclear’ rather than ‘stable’.