51afdf12-5ec6-416c-8d6a-db2f9dfbc885 urn:uuid eng UTF-8 nonGeographicDataset nonGeographicDataset 2025-10-16T16:25:31 creation ISO 19115 2016 Water depth - a critical factor for exhalative ore deposits 51afdf12-5ec6-416c-8d6a-db2f9dfbc885 If it can be ascertained from sedimentological, palaeontological and/or fluid inclusion evidence that sea water at the site of exhalation was shallow (<500 m) or deep (>1000 m), then predictions can be made on the style of mineralisation expected in the facies present. Shallow-water deposits most commonly contain stratiform Fe-Mn, Ba, Zn-Pb (usually pyritic) ore underlain by, or associated with, a footwall alteration zone of vein, disseminated, or stockwork ore (Cu ± Au, Sn, quartz, tourmaline, carbonate, fluorite). In deep-water settings, stratiform Fe-Mn-Ba, Cu-Zn-Pb (commonly pyrrhotite-bearing), Sn and W ore is not usually underlain by a footwall alteration pipe, and the stratiform ore contains quartz, tourmaline, carbonate or fluorite. In shallow-water deposits, boiling, fluid mixing, or other mechanisms could cause a temperature decrease and resultant mineral precipitation beneath the sea water/rock interface. In deep water, fluid mixing with resultant temperature decrease takes place primarily in sea water and not beneath the sea water/rock interface. Earth Sciences GA Publication Journal Published_External Journal article (pdf) documentDigital Journal article (pdf) PDF Unnamed resource documentDigital HTML