{"help": "https://data.gov.au/data/en/api/3/action/help_show?name=package_show", "success": true, "result": {"archived": false, "author_email": null, "contact_point": "info@aodn.org.au", "creator_user_id": "c2fbbe4a-4ba0-4945-808b-67454605a4cf", "duplicate_score": 2, "geospatial_topic": [], "id": "079dc6a2-b390-4bcc-897e-5d5b4b840093", "isopen": false, "language": "eng", "license_id": "notspecified", "license_title": "notspecified", "maintainer": null, "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2025-12-20T22:45:52.031428", "metadata_modified": "2025-12-20T22:45:52.031436", "name": "2021-state-of-the-environment-report-marine-chapter-expert-assessment-management-effectiveness-8", "notes": "The Marine chapter of the 2021 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment \"Management Effectiveness of Marine plastics and debris\". \n<strong><em>A PDF of the full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided) is downloadable in the \"On-line Resources\" section of this record as \"EXPERT ASSESSMENT 2021 - Management Effectiveness \u2013 Marine plastics and debris\"</em></strong>\n\n\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE APPROACH TO MANAGING THE PRESSURE\nMarine debris, often called or associated with plastic pollution, was identified as a key threatening process to vertebrate marine life under the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) due to the potential for \u2018injury and fatality \u2026 caused by ingestion of, or entanglement in, harmful marine debris\u2019.  The 2003 Threat Abatement Plan (TAP) identified sources and types of harmful marine debris, including land-based waste that leaks to the environment, as well as fishing gear lost from both recreational and commercial activities and vessel-based losses of anthropogenic materials that persist in the marine and coastal environment. Revised in 2018, the TAP incorporated information on knowledge and knowledge gaps, as well as identifying actions needed to abate the potential risks to vertebrate taxa from harmful marine debris. The TAP obliges the Commonwealth and its affiliated agencies \u201cto respond to the impact of marine debris on vertebrate marine life, and identifies the research, management and other actions needed to reduce the impacts of marine debris on affected species\u201d.   \n\nMore than two-thirds of the debris found on Australia\u2019s coastline is comprised of plastic, and waste leakage to the environment typically occurs locally, hence, the role of waste management by local jurisdictions is critical to achieve a reduction in harm to Australia\u2019s vertebrate coastal and marine fauna. There are a series of local, state-based and national activities and legislative levers that have been enacted to reduce waste losses to the environment. Some of these include container deposit legislation for beverages, plastic bag bans and levies, single use plastic bans (SUPs), drink refill stations, and separation of waste at the household level (e.g. Schuyler et al. 2018; Willis et al. 2017, 2019, 2021).\n\nDATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT\nCSIRO, CUA, KAB data (national/subnational); at-sea surface trawl data (national/international).\n\n\n\n2021 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]\n\n\u2022 Approach \u2022\nAssessment grade: Partially effective\nAssessment trend: Improving\nConfidence grade: Somewhat adequate\nConfidence trend: Somewhat adequate\nComparability with 2016: Comparable\n\u2022 Outputs \u2022\nAssessment grade: Partially effective\nAssessment trend: Improving\nConfidence grade: Limited\nConfidence trend: Improving\nComparability with 2016: Somewhat comparable\n\u2022 Outcomes \u2022\nAssessment grade: Partially effective\nAssessment trend: Deteriorating\nConfidence grade: Limited\nConfidence trend: Improving\nComparability with 2016: Somewhat comparable\n\n\n\nCHANGES SINCE 2016 SOE ASSESSMENT\nIn 2016, there were six sub-assessments for management effectiveness, for understanding (partially effective, improving), planning (ineffective, deteriorating), input (ineffective, deteriorating), processes (ineffective, deteriorating), outputs (ineffective, deteriorating), and outcomes (ineffective, deteriorating). 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