{"help": "https://data.gov.au/data/api/3/action/help_show?name=package_show", "success": true, "result": {"archived": false, "author": "ACTmapi", "author_email": null, "contact_point": "spatialdata@act.gov.au", "creator_user_id": "c2fbbe4a-4ba0-4945-808b-67454605a4cf", "duplicate_score": 1, "geospatial_topic": [], "id": "7a6c32ca-e763-40f0-8622-db5e65db540c", "isopen": false, "license_id": "other", "license_title": "Other", "maintainer": null, "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2025-12-20T19:17:24.958592", "metadata_modified": "2026-04-04T03:04:57.211383", "name": "actgov-survey-control-mark", "notes": "A physical\nmarker that is used as a stable basis for survey measurement. The mark is\nnormally coordinated either horizontally and/or vertically using a recognised\ncoordinate system. The mark can be used to coordinate surveys in the\nsurrounding area. Survey Control Marks are displayed in ACTmapi by mark\ntype.\u00a0X and Y values should be treated as easting and northing. Z value\nuses AHD value and not elipsoid height.\n\n\n\n<b>Major\nControl (MC):</b>\n\n\n<b>Identifier</b> <b>\u2013</b> district names, old surveyors\u2019\nnames (e.g. Tennent, Goodwin)\n\n\n<a><b>Trigonometrical stations (Trigs) \u2013</b> </a>Generally\nconsist of a ground mark with a quadripod above the ground mark. Most Trigs\nwere part of the ACT Precision Zone, which in turn formed part of the national\ngeodetic survey and adjustment for the Australian Geodetic Datum 1966 (AGD66).\nThe ACT Precision Zone and its associated marks have been the primary survey control\nfor all new development in the ACT since the early 1970s. The accuracy of ACT\nPrecision Zone marks is 1 in 250,000 with respect to AGD66. In the early 1990s,\n40 of the Precision Zone Trigs were surveyed with geodetic quality GPS observations\nas part of the GDA94. More recently, all the ACT trigonometrical network was\nre-surveyed with geodetic quality Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations\nfor inclusion in the GDA2020 national adjustment.\n\n\n<a><b>Continuously Operating GNSS Reference\nStations (CORS) \u2013</b></a>\u00a0In\npartnership with NSW DCS Spatial Services, OSGLI has established a network of\npermanent GNSS tracking stations which form part of <a href=\"https://www.spatial.nsw.gov.au/surveying/corsnet-nsw\">CORSnet-NSW</a>.\nThis network is a key component of GDA2020 and provides centimetre-level\nreal-time positioning for a range of scientific and spatial industry purposes.\nSGC values were also established on each CORS from the passive trigonometrical\nnetwork.\n\n\n<a><b>Sectional Control Marks (SC):</b></a>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> two alpha plus numerals (e.g. ST61)\n\n\nThese marks are fixed directly from the ACT Precision Zone\nat approximately one-kilometre intervals. They usually consist of a deep driven\nrod protected by yellow timber or concrete posts. Some SC marks are beaconed (e.g.\nYA90, TG84). The accuracy of Sectional Control marks is 1 in 100,000.\n\n\n<b>Subdivision\nor Neighbourhood Control Marks (SRM):</b>\n\n\n\u00a0<b>Identifier\n\u2013</b> SRM plus\nnumerals (e.g. SRM363)\n\n\nThese marks are coordinated from Sectional Control at\nintervals of between 200m and 1000m. They usually consist of a galvanised pipe\nset in concrete or a galvanised star picket with a concrete collar and\nprotected by two steel droppers, painted red and white. There may be an\naluminium tag with the mark's identifier either set in the concrete of the mark\nor wired to one of the steel droppers. SRMs identifiers greater than 1000\nconsist of DH&amp;Ws with an accompanying aluminium tag with the mark's\nidentifier. The accuracy of Subdivision Control is 1 in 30,000.\u00a0\n\n\nThe\nsubdivisions in Woden Valley (early 1960s) were the first to have Subdivision\nControl. In suburbs constructed before Gungahlin (pre-1990), SRMs were 50m to\n100m apart. Some of these marks survived development and can be found in open\nspaces in the suburbs. Only those SRMs established since the 1990s have been\nentered in the survey control mark database \u2018Control Base\u2019. Information on earlier\nSRMs is contained on control plans.\n\n\n<a><b>Coordinated Reference\nMarks (CRM)</b></a>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> CRM plus numerals (e.g. CRM7381)\n\n\nIn today's subdivisions, numbered CRM plaques are placed in\nthe kerb and coordinated by survey networks that include Sectional Control,\nSubdivisional Control marks or other previously coordinated CRMs/SRs. These\nmarks are positioned up to 200m apart.\u00a0\n\n\nThe early style (flat) CRMs do not have a height attributed\nto them (e.g. CRMs numbered 1 to 9999). Since April 1998, a new style of CRM is\nused that has a raised nipple for accurate levelling. These are numbered from\n10,001 onwards.\n\n\n<a><b>Steel Rod (SR) Marks:\u00a0</b></a>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> SR plus numerals (e.g. SR1691)\n\n\nSR marks are placed in new subdivisions, one for every 100\nblocks. The mark consists of a deep driven steel rod contained within a steel\ncover box marked &quot;SURVEY MARK&quot;. These SRs are coordinated as part of the\nCRM network. Not all SR marks are levelled. Conversely, some SRs have been\nlevelled, but are yet to be surveyed with accurate horizontal coordinates.\n\n\n<b>Kerb\nBench Mark (KBM):</b>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> KBM plus numerals (e.g KBM5203)\n\n\nKerb Bench Marks were placed in concrete kerbs throughout\nurban Canberra prior to April 1998. They consist of a rectangular brass casting\nwith a nipple and stamped number and were generally levelled to Class LC Order\nL3 standard of accuracy. (Note: many kerbs have moved over time and differences\nof more than 0.03m have been found). All KBM reduced levels are on the\nAustralian Height Datum 1971 (AHD71). Since 1998, new style CRMs are placed\ninstead of KBMs.\n\n\nPrecise Bench Marks (PBMs) are generally buried precast\nconcrete blocks that were part of an Imperial levelling network on an early\nCanberra datum known as Precise Datum. Refer to <i><a href=\"https://www.planning.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/2025902/A-Short-History-of-Heights-in-the-ACT.pdf\">A Short History of Heights in the ACT (2022)</a>\u00a0</i>for information to convert imperial heights\n(feet) to AHD71 (metres). PBMs are listed as KBMs in ACTmapi (e.g. <a>PBM13\n</a>is KBM13 in ACTmapi).\u00a0\n\n\n<b>Rural\nBench Marks (RBM):</b>\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> R plus numerals (e.g. R804)\n\n\nRural Bench Marks were placed in the 1960s and 1970s, at\nhalf mile (approx. 800 m) intervals, along many roads in the ACT and\nsurrounding NSW as supplementary levelling to the AHD. They usually consist of\na star-iron picket driven to its full length into the ground and surrounded by\na concrete collar containing a brass plaque with the mark's identifier. One\nyellow concrete post may be protecting it. Many of these marks have been\ncoordinated by GNSS surveys. Other rural bench marks exist with identifiers\n&quot;P&quot;, &quot;NE&quot;, &quot;NW&quot; and &quot;C&quot;.\n\n\n<a><b>Photo\nControl Marks (PC)</b></a><b>:</b>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> Alphas plus numerals <a>(e.g. GCP27)</a>\n\n\nPhoto Control marks may consist of a GI Pipe in concrete\nprotected by a timber post painted red and white. More recently, Photo Control\nMarks may also consist of DH&amp;Ws in a concreate structures, such as a\nfootpath, with painted wings. Many older Photo Control marks are for &quot;level\nonly&quot; and their accuracy depends on the scale of the photography they are\ncontrolling.\n\n\n<a><b>Alpha Marks (AM)</b></a><b>:</b>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> Three alphas, starting at AAA (e.g. FFC)\n\n\nAlpha Marks usually consists of a GI Pipe in concrete\nprotected by two steel droppers. They are placed as a control mark for a\nspecific survey, usually an engineering survey. The accuracy of these marks\ndepends on the nature of the survey they are controlling. Many are of an accuracy\nthat does not warrant nominating the ACT coordinate system.\n\n\n<a><b>Recovery Marks (RECM):</b></a>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> Main mark it recovers, plus RM, plus\nnumerals (e.g. Painter RM2)\n\n\nRecovery Marks are placed as supplementary control to\nhigh-order marks such as trigonometrical stations. Alternatively, Recovery\nMarks may be identified with \u201cECCE\u201d (i.e. a mark eccentric to the main mark).\n\n\n<b>Miscellaneous\nMarks (MISC):</b>\n\n\n<b>Identifier \u2013</b> Not specified\u00a0\n\n\nMiscellaneous marks are any mark not contained in the\nprevious categories. Some examples are old radial blocks (e.g. RA18), Control\nMarks placed before Sectional Control series commenced, dam deformation marks\n(e.g. P05) and towers (e.g. BLACK MOUNTAIN TOWER), etc.", "num_resources": 11, "num_tags": 6, "organization": {"id": "a873edf4-3f11-4337-be85-06456ebbf418", "name": "act-government-geospatial-data-catalogue", "title": "ACT Government Geospatial Data Catalogue (ACTmapi)", "type": "organization", "description": "Harvester for ACT Government Geospatial Data Catalogue (ACTmapi)", "image_url": "", "created": "2025-06-23T12:29:10.651773", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "original_harvest_source": {"site_url": "https://actmapi-actgov.opendata.arcgis.com", "href": "https://actmapi-actgov.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/ACTGOV::actgov-survey-control-mark-1", "title": "ACTMAPi"}, "owner_org": "a873edf4-3f11-4337-be85-06456ebbf418", "private": false, "promotion_level": "0", "remote_last_updated": "2026-04-02 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