{"help": "https://data.gov.au/data/api/3/action/help_show?name=package_show", "success": true, "result": {"archived": false, "author_email": null, "contact_point": "Christine.lamont@nopsema.gov.au", "creator_user_id": "c2fbbe4a-4ba0-4945-808b-67454605a4cf", "duplicate_score": 2, "geospatial_topic": [], "id": "07074ec1-428f-4cae-840e-113612014aec", "isopen": false, "language": "eng", "license_id": "notspecified", "license_title": "notspecified", "maintainer": null, "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2025-06-23T09:53:29.701676", "metadata_modified": "2025-06-23T09:53:29.701684", "name": "2016-soe-marine-chapter-pressures-oil-and-gas-extraction-and-production", "notes": "The Marine chapter of the 2016 State of the Environment (SoE) report incorporates multiple expert templates developed from streams of marine data. This metadata record describes the Expert Assessment \"Pressures on the marine environment associated with oil and gas extraction and production\". The full Expert Assessment, including figures and tables (where provided), is attached to this record. Where available, the Data Stream(s) used to generate this Expert Assessment are accessible through the \"On-line Resources\" section of this record.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PRESSURE\nPotential impacts to the commonwealth marine environment, extending beyond state waters, from planned oil and gas activities are generally well known and vary depending on the size and type of activity and its location. Activities in offshore waters include: Exploration - seismic surveys and drilling, Development \u2013 drilling, pipeline and facility construction, Operations \u2013offshore production facilities and decommissioning. Impacts from these activities may include seabed disturbance from the physical footprint of subsea infrastructure and drilling discharges, underwater noise from seismic or piling, artificial light and air quality effects from operating facilities, and water quality effects from discharges of drilling waste or production discharges. The extent, duration and severity of the impacts will vary depending on the biological sensitivities in the receiving environment. In many cases impacts from planned activities are highly localised, short term and have little measurable effect on the environment. In other cases the impacts may occur on a broader scale and over a longer time period and are able to be managed using reliable control measures and/or are distant to sensitive environmental receptors. Quantifying cumulative impacts from offshore activities, and separating these from other anthropogenic stressors however, continues to be a challenge for the both the oil and gas industry, regulators and marine estate managers. \nRisks to the marine environment also exist from unplanned events such as hydrocarbon spills. The impacts that may arise from unplanned events are less well studied, may be difficult to predict prior to an event occurring but have the potential for significant physical and biological consequences. Knowledge of the risks and impacts from oil spills and how to prevent or minimise them, has increased dramatically following significant spill incidents in both Australia and internationally over recent years. As levels of awareness of oil and gas activity impacts and risks continue to grow, together with improvement in environmental impact assessment processes, predictive modelling capabilities and the metocean data that support them, greater confidence in the predictions of environmental outcomes has and will be achieved. \nDATA STREAM(S) USED IN EXPERT ASSESSMENT\nAll petroleum activities in commonwealth waters. Environment data only spans 2012 \u2013 2015 since NOPSEMA was formed. Combination of qualitative and quantitative data used. Details of the specific data sets used to generate this assessment have not been provided, but all information is available from the NOPSEMA website: https://www.nopsema.gov.au/\n\n2016 SOE ASSESSMENT SUMMARY [see attached Expert Assessment for full details]\n\u2022 2016 \u2022\nAssessment grade: Low impact\nAssessment trend: Improving\nConfidence grade: Adequate high quality evidence and high level of consensus\nConfidence trend: Adequate high quality evidence and high level of consensus\nComparability: Grade and trend are somewhat comparable to the 2011 assessment\n\u2022 2011 \u2022\nAssessment grade: Very good\nAssessment trend: Stable\nConfidence grade: Limited evidence or limited consensus\nConfidence trend: Limited evidence or limited consensus\n\nCHANGES SINCE 2011 SOE ASSESSMENT\nThe assessment grade was given as \u2018very good\u2019 in 2011 \u2013 this doesn\u2019t match the key to grades provided for 2016. It was also reported as \u2018stable\u2019 however with limited confidence. 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